The Technium

The (Unspeakable) Ultimate Machine

Claude Shannon invented the modern mathematical definition of information, casting it in terms of bits and entropy. Shannon also tinkered with odd contraptions, but his boldest most brilliant invention was one called "The Ultimate Machine.''  It was based on an idea of Marvin Minsky.

Shannonultimatemachine
Image from Lightbucket

The operation and spirit were described by Arthur C. Clarke in his book "Voice Across the Sea: Telstar and the Laying of the Trans-Atlantic Cable":

Nothing could be simpler. It is merely a small wooden casket, the size and shape of a cigar box, with a single switch on one face. When you throw the switch, there is an angry, purposeful buzzing. The lid slowly rises, and from beneath it emerges a hand. The hand reaches down, turns the switch off and retreats into the box. With the finality of a closing coffin, the lid snaps shut, the buzzing ceases and peace reigns once more. The psychological effect, if you do not know what to expect, is devastating. There is something unspeakably sinister about a machine that does nothing -- absolutely nothing -- except switch itself off.

From a biography of Shannon by N.J.A. Sloane and A.D. Wyner.

Several copies of the machine were made and given to executives of AT&T, the parent company of Bell Labs. The above picture of the Machine depicts it be approximately suitcase size, so it is possible that more than one size was produced. I haven't been able to locate any other images.

When asked about the Ultimate Machine Minsky says:  "I worked with Shannon at Bell Labs in the summer of 1952.  I suggested this machine, Shannon liked it, and he got the company to build a bunch of them and gave them to various executives.  I asked for a patent release on it, and they said no, and I didn't pursue it."

In a reminiscence about Shannon James Crow says,

I was fortunate in the 1950s to see Shannon demonstrate this on a television program. The memory is still vivid. The machine was a small closed box with a toggle switch on the front. Shannon flipped the switch. Then the lid opened, with whirring noises in the box, and a small hand emerged and shut off the switch, whereupon the noises stopped and the lid snapped shut.

Nothing is on YouTube yet. Not even sure which show it appeared on.

Of course many machines today have automatic shut-off circuits or valves. But this machine is the only one I know of that consists entirely of a shut-off circuit. However it would not surprise me if some ancient Chinese tinker, or Yankee basement hacker came up with a similar device. Send info if you know more. (Thanks to Michael Naimark for the tip.)

UPDATE:  A reader wrote to say he remembers there "was a plastic, toy version of this back in the first half of the 60's," which he was searching for his collection. He has not found the toy yet but he did find a passing remark about it from a book about insurance litigation uncovered in Google books:

My son's favorite toy was a black box. It had a lever on top. To turn it on you flipped the lever on then all heck broke loose. It made all kinds of noise and it rumbled and rolled and kicked around. Finally the top would peek open and a white-gloved hand would come out and swing the lever to the off position. The hand would retreat immediately into the box, the top would slam shut. Total silence. That was it. A toy whose job was to turn itself off.

(The point about this in a lawyerly book was as metaphor for insurance which only turned itself off. "That's this case. We bought our insurance. We asked for it. It made a lot of noise when we tried to turn it on. Then it slammed shut. A policy whose job was to turn itself off.")

Now that he mentioned it I vaguely remember such a thing. Sort of like the Adams Family "Thing." Anyone else seen it?

2nd UPDATE: A reader pointed me to this page which suggests the version of the machine shown in the picture is not Shannon's original, but it does gives a video of it in action. Very cool!

Posted on March 7, 2008 at 9:39 AM

Comments

A Ultimate machine is shown in the first part of Gene Searchinger’s “The Human Language Series” (PBS). It is a small wood box (I guess it is about 20 cm high x 30 x 40 - estimated from the hand size shown in the video). It fits James Crow description (above) better than the case shown at the beginning of this page (and it much nicier too…)

Posted by André Eliseu on April 28, 2008 at 9:09 AM

I found a video of the “Leave Me Alone Box” that, like these machines, turns itself off.

http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-04-24-n59.html

Posted by Scott on April 25, 2008 at 2:44 PM

ivan illich wrote about the ultimate machine (the plastic toy version) in ‘deschooling society’

Posted by james pierce on April 6, 2008 at 8:01 AM

I have a memory of a friend (and floormate of Shannon’s at Bell Labs)who told me that Shannon had a similar sort of machine on his office door (?) that would whimsically change his “in” to “out” and vice versa for whether the great man was there or not. (Memory serves perhaps a little faulty here, but I have a very strong memory-sense of Joe Heller’s Major Major from Catch-22 regarding this In/Out sign.)

Posted by John Ptak on April 3, 2008 at 8:32 PM

Here is a youtube video of the Coffin Bank: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9shV8GQEF34

I like how the mechanism keeps trying until it succeeds.

Posted by Peter on March 13, 2008 at 9:47 AM

Thanks Ward. I posted your suggested link to the video. Very cool.

Posted by Kevin Kelly on March 10, 2008 at 12:25 PM

There is a link to a very short video on the bottom of the Wikipedia page about Claude Shannon. It is referenced as the “Most Beautiful Machine”.

This is the direct link: http://www.kugelbahn.ch/sesam_e.htm

Posted by Ward on March 10, 2008 at 2:19 AM

Something very similar comes to mind, but I remember it as a money box that would whirr and clank and then shoot out a ghostly/skeletal hand to take your coin and then shut off.

Posted by michael on March 10, 2008 at 1:50 AM

Yes, there was a toy version - like “the thing” of the Adam’s Family. I bought one 24 years ago at Ripley’s Believe it or Not in San Francisco. It was a black box with a lever on top. A hand came out and pushed the lever “off” and then quickly retreated back into the box. There was a bank version as well, on which you could place a coin and the hand would come out and grab it and take it into the box.

Posted by Michael Wesch on March 9, 2008 at 11:19 AM

I can confirm that the toy did exist. My only memory of it is trying it out in on a store shelf, probably some time in the mid to late 60s, so I’m sure the things were commercially produced — as soon as I started reading this post I remembered the one I’d seen.

Posted by Joseph Holmes on March 8, 2008 at 5:13 AM

This idea was a toy that, as I recall, was advertised in the back of comic-books. I guess now I know where they got the idea.

Maybe these people (or an earlier incarnation) sold it. Was it a bank? I seem to remember a brown box and a yellow arm. http://www.johnsonsmith.com/

Posted by TJ on March 7, 2008 at 10:13 PM

I used to have one of those toys. It must have been about 1960-62. The box was black. The hand was ghoulish green.

Posted by John Coate on March 7, 2008 at 8:28 PM

There are a few more pics and a little animation of the human/machine hands in on/off action here:

http://www.kugelbahn.ch/sesam_e.htm

Posted by Gareth Branwyn on March 7, 2008 at 4:49 PM

I like this concept and found the Ultimate Machine fascinating, but I’m not sure I get how it “does nothing”. I mean, correct me if I’m wrong, but it does a lot of things. It seems quite complex in the way that it produces sound, has mechanical triggers to open/close a box lid, has a mounted arm that is (I presume) operated by levers or pulleys, and so on ad infinitum. How could one rightly say that it does nothing? That’s a lot of operations working in harmony.

I think that the gripping psychological effect of the machine comes from the disappointment of observing the technical beauty of all these synchronized parts ultimately achieving no significant purpose. None. True, not many machines are built so elaborately for the single purpose of returning to state zero without doing something, however small, that is of worth to the universe. In that sense, the machine actually is pretty sinister.

Of course, we could all take off our geek engineer hats, and recognize this machine for what it really is: art. This Ultimate Machine certainly makes you think, and that’s surely worth something to the universe…right?

Posted by Odbasta on March 7, 2008 at 2:51 PM

You jogged my aging memory Kevin. There was a plastic, toy version of this in this back in the first half of the 60’s. This was all I could find so far. But I plan on finding one of these for my collection.

http://books.google.com/books?id=NoEmqO1_f5MC&pg=PT3753&lpg=PT3753&dq=toy+box+hand+shuts+itself+off&source=web&ots=IVqyIWVtZS&sig=nk6RRv3ytgnYpGbHJXoif3mEF8c&hl=en

Posted by Gary Hart on March 7, 2008 at 1:52 PM

Reminds me of something you’d see on LOST.

Posted by J Johnston on March 7, 2008 at 12:40 PM


Post a Comment










Remember personal info?





Type the characters you see in the picture above.